ASTM A105
ASTM A105 - Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping Applications[1]
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers forged carbon steel piping components for ambient and higher-temperature service in pressure systems. Included are flanges, fittings, valves, and similar parts ordered eighter to dimensions specified by the purchaser or to dimensional standards such as the MSS, ASME, and API specifications referenced in Section 2. Forgings made to this specification are limited to a maximum weight of 10,000 lb[4540kg]. Larger forgings may be ordered to Specification A266/A 266M. Tubesheets and hollow cylindrical forgings for pressure vessel shells are not included within the scope of this specification. Although this specification covers some piping components machined from rolled bar and seamless tubular products (see 4.2), it does not cover raw material produced in these product forms.
1.2 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the order.
1.3 Specification A 266/A 266M covers other steel forgings and Specifications A 675/A 675M and A 696 cover other steel bars.
1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable "M" specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brachets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 In addition to those reference documents listed in Specification A 961, the following list of standards apply to this specification:
2.2 ASTM Standards
A 266/A 266M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel Components
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A 675/A 675M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought, Special Quality, Mechanical Properties
A 696 Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought or Cold-Finished, Special Quality, for Pressure Piping Components
A 788 Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements
A 961 Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for Piping Applications
2.3 MSS Standards:
SP 44 Standard for Steel Pipe Line Flanges
2.4 ASME Standards:
B16.5 Dimensional Standards for Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
B16.9 Wrought Steel Buttwelding Fittings
B16.10 Face-to-Face and End-to-End Dimensions of Ferrous Valves
B16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Weld, and Threaded
B16.34 Valves-Flanged, Threaded and Welding End
B16.47 Large Diameter Steel Flanges
2.5 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:
Section IX Welding Qualifications
2.6 API Standards:
API-600 Flanged and Butt-Welding-End Steel Gate Valves
API-602 Compact Design Carbon Steel Gate Valves for Refinery Use
3. Ordering Information
3.1 See Specification A 961
3.1.1 Additional requirements (see 12.2)
4. General Requirements
4.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A961, including any supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase order. Failure to comply with the requirements of Specification A 961 constitutes noncomformance with this specification. In case of a conflict between the requirements of this specification and Specification A961, this specification shall prevail.
4.2 Except as permitted by Section 6 Specification A 961, the finished product shall be a forging as defined in the Terminology Section of Spcification A 788.
5. Heat Treatment
5.1 Heat treatment is not a mandatory requirement of this specification except for the following piping components:
5.1.1 Flanges above Class 300
5.1.2 Flanges of special design where the design pressure at the design temperature exceeds the pressure-temperature ratings of Class 300, Group 1.1
5.1.3 Flanges of special design where the design pressure or design temperature are not known
5.1.4 Piping components other than flanges which meet both of the following criteria: (1) over NPS 4 and (2) above Class 300, and
5.1.5 Piping components of Special Class other than flanges which meet both of the following criteria: (1) over NPS4 and (2) when the working pressure at the operating temperature exceeds the tabulated values for Special Class 300, Group 1.1.
5.2 Heat treatment, when required by 5.1 shall be annealing, normalizing, or normalizing and temering or quenching and tempering in accordance with Specification A 961.
6. Chemical Composition
6.1 The steel shall conform to the chemical requirements specified in Table 1.
6.2 Steels to which lead has been added shall not be used.
7. Mechanical Properties
7.1 The material shall conform to the mechanical property requirements prescribed in Table 2 and Table 3.
| Element | Composition, % |
|---|---|
| Carbon | 0.35 max |
| Manganese | 0.60-1.05 |
| Phosphorus | 0.035 max |
| Sulfur | 0.040 max |
| Silicon | 0.10-0.35 |
| Copper | 0.40 max |
| Nickel | 0.40 max |
| Chromium | 0.30 max |
| Molybdenum | 0.12 max |
| Vanadium | 0.08 max |
Talbe 2 Mechanical Requirementsa
| Tensile strength, min, psi [MPa] | 70,000[485] |
|---|---|
| Yield strength, min, psi[MPa]b | 36,000 |
| Elongation in 2 in. or 50mm, min, % Basic minum elongation for walls 5/16 in. [7.9mm] and over in thickness, strip tests. | 30 |
| When standard round 2-in. or 50-mm gage length or smaller proportionally sized specimen with the gage length equal to 4D is used | 22 |
| For strip tests. a deduction for each 1/32-in. [0.8mm] decrease in wall thickness below 5/16 in.[7.9mm] from the basic minumum elongation of the percentage points of Table 3 | 1.50c |
| Reduction of area, min, %d | 30 |
| Hardness, HB, max | 187 |
| Wall Thickness | Elongation in 2 in. or 50mm, min, % | |
|---|---|---|
| in. | mm | |
| 5/16 (0.312) | 7.9 | 30.00 |
| 9/32 (0.281) | 7.1 | 28.50 |
| 1/4 (0.250) | 6.4 | 27.00 |
| 7/32 (0.219) | 5.6 | 25.50 |
| 3/16 (0.188) | 4.8 | 24.00 |
| 5/32 (0.156) | 4.0 | 22.50 |
| 1/8 (0.125) | 3.2 | 21.00 |
| 3/32 (0.094) | 2.4 | 19.50 |
| 1/16 (0.062) | 1.6 | 18.00 |
E = 48T + 15.00
where:
E = elongation in 2 in. or 50mm, %, and
T = actual thickness of specimen, in. [mm]
7.2 For normalized, normalized and tempered, or quenched and tempered forgings, the central axis of the test specimen shall correspond to the 1/4 T plane or deeper position, where T is the maximum heat-treated thickness of the represented forging. In addition, for quenched and tempered forgings, the midlength of the test specimen shall be at least T from any second heat-treated surface. When section thickness does not permit this positioning, the test specimen shall be positioned as near as possible to the prescribed location.
7.3 Tension Tests:
7.3.1 One tension test shall be made for each heat of as-forged components.
7.3.2 One tension test shall be made from each heat-treating charge. If more than one heat is included in such a charge, each heat shall be tested.
7.3.2.1 When the heat-treating temperatures are the same and the furnaces (either batch or continuous type), are controlled within ±25℉[±14℃] and equipped with recording pyrometers so that complete records of heat treatment are available, then one tension test from each heat is required instead of one test from each heat in each heat-treatment charge. The test specimen material shall be included with a furnace charge.
7.3.3 Testing shall be performed in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370. The largest feasible round specimen as described in Test Methods and Definitions A 370 shall be used except when hollow cylindrically shaped parts are machined from seamless tubulars. The gage length for measuring elongation shall be four times the diameter of the test section. When hollow cylindrically shaped parts are machined from seamless tubular materials, strip tests may be used.
7.3.4 Forgings too small to permit obtaining a subsize specimen of 0.250 in. [6.35mm] diameter or larger (see Test Methods and Definitions A 370) parallel to the dimension of maximum working, and produced in equipment unsuitable for the production of a separately forged test bar such as an automatic or semi-automatic press, may be accepted on the basis of hardness only. One percent of the forgings per lot ( see Note 2), or ten forgings, whichever is the lesser number, shall be selected at random, prepared, and tested using the standardBrinell test in Test Methods and Definitions A 370. The localtions of the indentations shall be at the option of the manufacturer but shall be selected to be presentative of the forging as a whole. One indentation per forging shall be required but additional indentations may be made to establish the representative hardness. The hardness of all forgings so tested shall be 137 to 187 HB inclusive.
Note 2- A lot is defined as the product from a mill heat or if heat treated, the product of a mill heat per furnace charge.
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